Grammar

Talking about the English language is not only about how we can speak fluently but we also need to know the rules when speaking. The rule is time that we use when speaking. Time or commonly referred to as "Tenses" in English has an important role in the formation of a sentence. Tenses of the verb indicate events or actions. Tenses itself there are 4 types: Simple, Perfect, Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous and each of these has a present, past and future form.  The four types above are divided into 16 kinds. Below I will give a more detailed explanation.

1. Present Tense

A.  Simple Present Tense

Definition: A verb tense that expresses action in the present time, habitual actions, or general truths.

Form

S + Verb s/es

1. Example using Verb:

  (+) I teach English

 (-)  I do not teach English

 (?) Do I teach English?

2. Example using To be:

 (+) She is beautiful

 (-) She is not beautiful

(?) Is she beautiful?

Time Expression

Time expression that is used in Present Tense:

a. every day

b. every month.

c. twice a week, etc.

B. Simple Present Continuous Tense

Definition: The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans.

Form

Subject + Am/Is/Are + Verb-ing (continuous form)

 (+) I am typing my tasks

Subject + Am/Is/Are + not + Verb-ing

(-) I am not typing my tasks

Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing

(?) Am I typing my tasks?

Time Expression

a. at present

b. at the moment

c. now

d. right now

e. this week, etc.

C. Present Perfect Tense

Definition: for an action that happened in the past that have occurred and the time of occurrence is not stated or implied.

Form

Subject + Have/Has + Verb-3/Past Participle

They have moved in this town

Subject + Have/Has + not + Verb-3/Past Participle

They have not moved in this town

Have/Has + Subject + Verb-3

Have they moved in this town

Time Expression

a. Just

b. Already

c. Once

d. Recently

e. Ever, etc.

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition: The tense that show something that started in the past but it’s still happening and will continue in the present because it’s not complete/finished.

Form

Subject + Has/Have + Been + Verb-ing

Tyan has been working on the Web pages for three days.

Subject + Has/Have + Not + Been + Verb-ing

Tyan has not been working on the Web pages for three days.

Has/Have + Subject + Been + Verb-ing

Has Tyan been working on the Web pages for three days?

Time Expression

a. For

B. Since

2. Past Tenses

A. Simple Past Tense

Definition:  To describe an action that occurred in the past or at a specified time or the time is easily understood or already implied  that have no relation with the present.

Form

Subject + Verb-2

He loved me

Subject + Did + Not + Verb-1

He did not love me

Did + Subject + Verb-1

Did he love me?

Time Expression

a. Yesterday

b. Ago

c. Last

d. with preposition in,on,at

B.  Past Continuous Tense

Definition: In the Past Continuous tense, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past. This tense is used to talk about an action at a particular time in the past.

Form

Subject + Was/Were + Verb-ing

We were watching a movie

Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb-ing

We were not watching a movie

Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing

Were we watching a movie?

C. Past Perfect Tense

Definition: Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.

Form

There are 2 forms of Past Perfect Tense

Subject + had + Verb-3  + before

After + Subject + had + Verb-3

Example:

Before I left, I had locked the door.

After I had locked the door, I left.

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition: Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.

Form

Subject +  Had + Been + Verb-ing

I had been working for two hours

Subject + Had + Not + Been+ Verb-ing

I had not been working for two hours

Had + Subject  + Been+ Verb-ing

 Had I been working for two hours

3. Future Tenses

A. Simple Future Tense

Definition: Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.

 Form

Subject + Will + Verb-1

He will marry me

Subject + Will + Not + Verb-1

He will not marry me

Will + Subject + Verb-1

Will he marry me?

B. Future Continuous Tense

Definition: The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.

Form

Subject + Will + Be + Verb-ing

We will be playing tennis

Subject + Will + Not + Be + Verb-ing

We will not be playing Tennis

Will + Subject + Be + Verb-ing

Will we be playing tennis?

C. Future Perfect Tense

Definition: Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future.

Form

Subject + Will + Have + Verb-3

He will have bought me a house

Subject + Will + Not + Have + Verb-3

He will not have bought me a house

Will + Subject + Have + Verb-3

Will he have bought me a house

D. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition: Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.

Form

Subject + Will + Have + Been + Verb-ing

I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.

Subject + Will + Not + Have + Been + Verb-ing

I will not have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.

Will + Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing

Will I have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.

4. Past Future Tense

A. Past Future Tense

Definition: is used to retell a plan that actually would do at a certain time in the past.

Form

Subject + Would + Verb-1

He would buy me a pair of gloves

Subject + Would + Not + Verb-1

He would not buy me a pair of gloves

Would + Subject + Verb-1

 Would he buy me a pair of gloves?

B. Past Future Continuous Tense

Definition: To express an act or situation being that will happen at some point in the future, when some other actions happened in the past.

Form

Subject + Would + Be + Verb-ing

You would be working

Subject + Would + Not + Be + Verb-ing

You would not be working

 Would + Subject + Be + Verb-ing

Would you be working?

C. Past Future Perfect Tense

Definition: To declare or reveal any act or activity which is expected to have been completed at any given time.

Form

Subject + Would + Have + Verb-3

They would have attended my party

Subject + Would + Not + Have + Verb-3

They would not have attended my party

Would + Subject + Have + Verb-3

 Would they have attended my party?

Okee guys, those all my explanations about tenses in my understanding. Hopefully it can be help you to more understand them. Aminnn

Thank you…………. See u in other materials …………